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How Neuronal Activity Is Timed In The Brain's Memory-Making Circuits
Theta oscillations are a type of prominent brain rhythm that orchestrates neuronal activity in the hippocampus, a brain area critical for the formation of new memories. For several decades these oscillations were believed to be "in sync" across the hippocampus, timing the firing of neurons like a sort of central pacemaker. A new study conducted by researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) argues that this long-held assumption needs to be revised. In a paper published in this week"s issue of the journal Nature, the researchers showed that instead of being in sync, theta oscillations actually sweep along the length of the hippocampus as traveling waves.
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AIDS Treatment Activists Push UNAIDS And WHO To Meet Commitments To Reduce HIV In Women And Newborns
In a dramatic meeting today at the UNAIDS headquarters in Geneva, members of the International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC) and AIDS-Free World met with the leaders and approximately 100 staff members of UNAIDS and WHO to present ITPC"s latest Missing the Target report, Failing Women, Failing Children: HIV, Vertical Transmission and Women"s Health, which identifies the failure of the international community in preventing vertical transmission (also known as prevention of mother-to-child transmission or PMTCT).
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Baking Soda: For Cooking, Cleaning, And Kidney Health?
A daily dose of sodium bicarbonate baking soda, already used for baking, cleaning, acid indigestion, sunburn, and more slows the decline of kidney function in some patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), reports an upcoming study in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN). "This cheap and simple strategy also improves patients" nutritional status, and has the potential of translating into significant economic, quality of life, and clinical outcome benefits," comments Magdi Yaqoob, MD (Royal London Hospital).
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Researchers Determine Predicting Factors Of Positive Lung Cancer Diagnoses In Chest Radiographs

A study published in the June 2009 issue of the Journal of Thoracic Oncology determined several predictors of a positive lung cancer diagnosis after having an abnormal chest x-ray. Dr. Martin Carl Tammemagi of Brock University in Ontario and his team of US researchers examined the chest radiographs of 12,314 individuals obtained through the National Cancer Institute"s Prostate Lung Colorectal Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). They found that older age, lower education levels and a longer smoking history were all associated with a "true positive" diagnosis for lung cancer in those individuals with an abnormal screening chest radiograph. A "true positive" radiograph represents an accurate reading for lung cancer. Other factors that contributed to a "true positive" diagnosis include a family history of lung cancer and a suspicious mass in the upper/middle chest region. "The factors will be particularly valuable to those health care providers and clinicians identifying patients with abnormal chest x-rays that might indicate possible lung cancer." says Dr. Tammemagi "An earlier diagnosis is expected to lead to a more favorable outcome for the patient, so it is our hope that predictors will assist clinicians in calling for the most necessary and timely tests." This study was conducted in collaboration with The National Cancer Institute, Georgetown University and the University of Minnesota. Bethany Fischer International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer


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